A gummy smile, or excessive gingival display, occurs when more than 2–3 millimeters of gum tissue are visible above the upper front teeth during smiling. While it does not affect oral function, it can significantly impact self-esteem, social interactions, and confidence, as individuals may feel their smile appears unbalanced or less attractive.
The condition affects approximately 10% of the population, with a higher prevalence in women. It often becomes noticeable in young adults, coinciding with important social and professional milestones when appearance plays a meaningful role.
Common etiologic factors include:
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Altered passive eruption, where teeth are partially covered by excessive gum tissue.
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Hyperactive upper lip, which elevates excessively during smiling.
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Vertical maxillary excess, a skeletal discrepancy leading to disproportionate gum display.
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Gingival hyperplasia, characterized by thickened gum tissue.
Treatment options are tailored according to the underlying cause and may include:
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Gingivectomy or crown lengthening for excessive gum tissue.
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Lip repositioning surgery.
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Botox injections for hyperactive lip elevation.
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Orthodontic treatment to adjust tooth position.
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Orthognathic surgery in severe skeletal cases.
Addressing a gummy smile not only improves esthetics but also enhances confidence and social comfort, making early evaluation and personalized treatment essential.
Prof. Dr. Faraedoon M. Zardawi
Dean, Faculty of Dentistry
Qaiwan International University